Understanding stress fractures
Stress fractures can develop when repetitive loading exceeds the bone's ability to recover. Early X-rays may appear normal, making the history and focused examination especially important. Location matters because certain stress fractures carry a higher risk of delayed healing or progression to a complete fracture.
Common signs and symptoms
- Pain that increases with impact
- Focal tenderness over bone
- Swelling without a major injury
- Symptoms that improve with rest
What to expect during evaluation
Evaluation considers training changes, nutrition, bone health, footwear, and mechanics. Repeat X-rays or MRI may be needed to confirm an early injury.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the diagnosis, severity, activity goals, overall health, and prior care. Options may include:
- Impact restriction
- Protective boot or shoe
- Bone health evaluation when appropriate
- Gradual return to activity
- Surgery for selected high-risk or nonhealing fractures
Medically reviewed by Dr. Payaam Tavakoli and Dr. Phoram Vyas. General educational information only; an in-person evaluation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.