Understanding ingrown toenails
An ingrown nail occurs when the nail edge irritates or penetrates the surrounding skin. Recurrent cases may benefit from treatment of the responsible nail matrix.
Common signs and symptoms
- Pain along a nail border
- Redness or swelling
- Drainage
- Repeated recurrence after trimming
What to expect during evaluation
Evaluation checks the nail border, skin, drainage, circulation, sensation, and risk factors such as diabetes.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the diagnosis, severity, activity goals, overall health, and prior care. Options may include:
- Pressure and shoe modification
- Safe nail care guidance
- Partial nail removal
- Matrix treatment for recurrent borders
- Infection treatment when present
When to seek prompt care: Prompt care is recommended for spreading redness, pus, fever, or an ingrown nail in a patient with diabetes, neuropathy, or poor circulation.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Payaam Tavakoli and Dr. Phoram Vyas. General educational information only; an in-person evaluation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.